Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Physical Ergonomics Among Non-Medical Undergraduate University Students

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common functional impairments linked to poor posture, prolonged static positions, and lack of ergonomic awareness. While ergonomic training is emphasized in clinical disciplines, non-medical university students—who also engage in prolonged computer and device use—remain understudied. Understanding their ergonomic awareness and behavior is essential for early prevention of posture-related problems and promoting musculoskeletal health. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to physical ergonomics among non-medical undergraduate university students. Methods: A cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted among 384 non-medical undergraduate students from the University of Chenab, Gujrat, and the University of Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Pakistan. Data were collected using a self-structured, validated questionnaire comprising four sections: demographics, knowledge (14 items), attitude (6 items), and practice (8 items). Reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s α = 0.783. Descriptive statistics were computed, and associations among KAP components were tested using Pearson’s correlation. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 23 with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.27 ± 1.99 years, and 54.9% were females. More than half (55.2%) had good knowledge, 64.1% demonstrated a positive attitude, and 59.9% reported moderate ergonomic practice. Weak but statistically significant positive correlations were found among knowledge, attitude, and practice: knowledge–attitude (r = 0.188, p < 0.001), knowledge–practice (r = 0.199, p < 0.001), and attitude–practice (r = 0.112, p = 0.028). Conclusion: Non-medical students exhibited good ergonomic knowledge and favorable attitudes but only moderate practical application. The weak correlations among KAP dimensions suggest that awareness alone does not guarantee behavioral adherence. Integrating ergonomic education and posture training into non-medical curricula is essential to bridge this knowledge–practice gap and prevent future musculoskeletal complications.