Prevalence and Knowledge of PCOS and Health-Related Practices Among College Girls in Karachi

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological complications. Despite its rising burden in South Asia, awareness and preventive practices among young women remain poorly documented. Early identification of gaps in knowledge and behavior is essential for designing effective interventions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of PCOS-related symptoms and evaluate knowledge and health-related practices regarding the disorder among college-going girls in Karachi. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 92 female students aged 16–24 years across selected colleges in Karachi. Data were collected using a validated, pretested self-administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic variables, menstrual characteristics, PCOS knowledge, and health practices. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations were analyzed using chi-square tests, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and logistic regression. Ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Irregular cycles (32.6%), dysmenorrhea (35.9%), and hirsutism (31.5%) were frequently reported. However, only 35.9% of participants were aware of PCOS, with knowledge of causes (34.8%), complications (31.5%), management (29.3%), and treatments (27.2%) being lower. Preventive practices were limited, with 9.8% engaging in regular exercise and 19.6% consulting healthcare professionals for menstrual problems. Conclusion: High prevalence of PCOS-related symptoms alongside low awareness and poor health practices highlights a significant knowledge–practice gap. Targeted health education and accessible reproductive health services are urgently needed to address this burden among young women.