Impact of a Shoulder Mobility Program on Muscle Spasm, Strain, and Functional Range of Motion in Recreational Gym Users

Abstract

Background: Shoulder injuries are prevalent among recreational gym users, often resulting from inadequate mobility, repetitive strain, and poor technique, leading to pain, functional limitations, and increased risk of musculoskeletal complications. Despite the recognized role of targeted mobility drills in athletic populations, evidence regarding their effectiveness in non-elite gym-goers remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured shoulder mobility program on range of motion, muscle spasm, strain, and functional outcomes in recreational gym users. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 28 male gym participants aged 18–35 years with documented shoulder mobility limitations. Participants underwent a supervised four-week mobility intervention, consisting of three weekly sessions incorporating specific mobility and strengthening drills. Assessments of active shoulder range of motion (ROM), 1-repetition maximum strength, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and clinical signs of muscle spasm and strain were performed before and after the intervention. Paired t-tests and McNemar’s test were used for statistical analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant improvements were observed in shoulder ROM (mean difference +4.66°, 95% CI: 1.39–7.94, p = 0.007) and SPADI scores (mean difference –4.74, 95% CI: –8.09 to –1.38, p = 0.007). The prevalence of muscle spasm and strain decreased from 50% and 43% at baseline to 21% and 14% post-intervention, respectively. Strength gains were modest and not statistically significant. Conclusion: A structured shoulder mobility program yields clinically meaningful improvements in range of motion, pain-related disability, and soft tissue symptoms among recreational gym users, supporting the inclusion of targeted mobility drills in injury prevention and rehabilitation protocols.