The Prevalence of Forward Head Posture Among Office Workers Using Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) Measured with Goniometer: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Background: Forward head posture is a common cervical postural deviation among desk-based workers and may contribute to altered cervical loading, neck discomfort, and reduced musculoskeletal efficiency. Prolonged computer use and limited ergonomic awareness may increase postural strain in office environments. Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity distribution of forward head posture among office workers using goniometric craniovertebral angle measurement and to examine its association with selected demographic, occupational, lifestyle, and symptom-related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 157 office workers aged 18–50 years who used computers for at least six hours daily. Craniovertebral angle was measured using a universal goniometer, with forward head posture defined as an angle below 50°. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Frequencies and percentages summarized participant characteristics and posture categories, while chi-square testing assessed associations with selected variables. Results: Forward head posture was present in 134 participants, yielding an overall prevalence of 85.4%. Mild forward head posture was most frequent 89 (56.7%), followed by moderate 42 (26.8%) and severe 3 (1.9%) categories. Significant associations were observed with age group (p = 0.047), gender (p = 0.050), and neck pain history (p = 0.045), while work experience, daily computer use, and physical activity were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Forward head posture was highly prevalent among office workers, predominantly in mild and moderate forms. Early screening, ergonomic education, and preventive exercise strategies are recommended to reduce cervical postural burden in desk-based occupational settings
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