Prevalence, Occupational Risk Factors, and Coping Strategies for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Physiotherapists in Peshawar, Pakistan: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are an occupational-health concern among physiotherapists exposed to repetitive movements, awkward postures, and patient-handling activities. Objective: To determine the 12-month prevalence, anatomical distribution, reported occupational activities, and coping strategies associated with WMSDs among physiotherapists in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among physiotherapists working in public and private healthcare facilities. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Of 150 questionnaires distributed, 133 were completed and analyzed. Descriptive statistics, Wilson 95% confidence intervals, crude prevalence ratios, and categorical association tests were used. Results: The response rate was 88.7%. Overall, 85 participants reported WMSDs, yielding a 12-month prevalence of 63.9% (95% CI, 55.5–71.6%). The lower back (29.3%), neck (15.0%), and upper back (6.8%) were the most frequently recorded anatomical regions. Repetitive tasks (24.1%), bending or twisting (16.5%), and patient transfers (10.5%) were commonly reported activities. WMSD prevalence did not differ significantly by sex (p = 0.876), clinical experience (p = 0.370), or practice area (p = 0.433). Conclusion: Self-reported WMSDs were common among surveyed physiotherapists, particularly affecting the lower back and neck. The findings highlight occupational musculoskeletal-health concerns but do not establish causal relationships with specific activities